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The purpose of immunization is to produce immunity against infections. This process involves stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and combat specific pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria. By introducing a vaccine that contains weakened or inactive parts of the pathogen, or a blueprint for making antigens, immunization trains the immune system to recognize and respond more effectively to future exposures to the disease.

While eradicating infectious diseases is a long-term goal of public health initiatives, especially for diseases like smallpox, the immediate purpose of immunization is not eradication but rather the development of immunity within individuals and populations. Disinfecting areas from microorganisms focuses on cleaning surfaces to prevent infection spread but does not involve creating immunity. Providing temporary relief from illness may be a function of certain medications, but it does not equate to the enduring protection that immunization aims to achieve. Therefore, the primary goal of immunization remains to produce lasting immunity against infections.