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Cross-contamination is specifically defined as the transfer of microorganisms from one surface to another. This is a critical concept in the context of health and safety, particularly in fields like tattooing, where maintaining a clean and sterile environment is essential to prevent infections.

Understanding cross-contamination involves recognizing how germs can be transferred through contact with various surfaces, tools, and equipment. For instance, if a contaminated tool is used on one person and then used on another without proper sanitation, the risk of infection increases significantly.

While the processes of cleaning, disinfecting, and removing impurities are all vital for maintaining hygiene, they do not capture the essence of cross-contamination. Cleaning surfaces effectively or disinfecting an area is part of the broader efforts to minimize cross-contamination, but simply performing these actions does not directly define the concept itself.